Stomach Cancer

Overview

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Stomach cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the stomach, forming tumors. These cells can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body (metastasis). Most stomach cancers begin in the innermost layer, the mucosa, which produces stomach acid and digestive enzymes.

Risk factors include being over 60, male, consuming high amounts of smoked or pickled foods, smoking, excessive alcohol use, and obesity. Medical conditions such as Helicobacter pylori infection, chronic inflammation, previous stomach surgery, and certain genetic syndromes also increase the risk.
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Treatment
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Treatment depends on the type and stage of stomach cancer, as well as overall health. The primary options include surgery, which removes part or all of the stomach, and chemotherapy, which targets cancer cells throughout the body. Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells in a specific area, while targeted therapy blocks cancer cell functions to slow growth.

In many cases, treatment involves a combination of these approaches. The goal may be to cure the cancer, control its progression, or manage symptoms to improve quality of life. Treatment plans are tailored to each patient based on their specific condition.
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Procedure Details
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Stomach cancer surgery involves removing the tumor, affected portions of the stomach, and nearby lymph nodes to prevent cancer spread.

Anesthesia is administered for patient comfort.

The affected portion of the stomach is removed (partial gastrectomy) or, in severe cases, the entire stomach is removed (total gastrectomy).

Nearby lymph nodes are removed to prevent cancer spread.

The digestive tract is reconstructed to maintain digestive function.
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Recovery
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Recovery time depends on the extent of the surgery. Most patients stay in the hospital for several days and gradually transition from liquid to solid foods. Pain, swelling, and digestive changes are common but manageable with medical guidance.

Long-term recovery includes dietary adjustments, nutritional support, and possible vitamin supplements due to changes in digestion. Regular follow-up appointments help monitor healing, manage symptoms, and ensure the best possible outcome after surgery.